Mechanical Properties of Na₂CO₃-Activated High-Volume GGBFS Cement Paste

Figure 3

X-ray diffraction spectra for Na₂CO₃-activated HVSC pastes with different GGBFS replacement levels: (a) R5, (b) R6, (c) R7, (d) R8, and (e) R9 samples. Peak positions are indicated for portlandite (P); calcite (C); quartz (Q); C–S–H (CSH); alite (C₃S); belite (C₂S).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)