Vertical Load and Settlement at the Foot of Steel Rib with the Support of Feet-Lock Pipe in Soft Ground Tunnel

Figure 3

Ideal mechanical model of the steel rib, feet-lock pipe, and ground: (a) earth pressure acting on the steel rib; (b) ideal support between steel rib and feet-lock pipe; (c) ideal support between steel rib and upper-bench ground.

(a)

(b)

(c)