Finite Element Analysis of Natural Thawing Heat Transfer of Artificial Frozen Soil in Shield-Driven Tunnelling

Figure 2

Schematics of finite element model: (a) cross-sectional views of shield tunnel; (b) section y = 0; (c) 3D model for the horizontal freezing process; (d) 3D model for the natural thawing process. Notes: in Figure 2(a) from left to right, the monitor points are in the sequence of 1, 2, 3, and 4; in Figure 2(b) from right to left, the monitor points are in the sequence from 5 to 16.

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