A Review of Employer-Caused Delay Factors in Traditional and Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Enabled Projects: Research Framework

Table 4

Employer-caused delay factors in previous BIM papers.

Author (year)	Continent	Project type	Employer-caused delay factors
Ham et al. [33]; Mehran [34]; Btoush and Harun [35]; Li et al. [36]; Latiffi et al. [37]; Bui [38]; Ma et al. [39]; Jia et al. [40]; Zhang et al. [41]	Asia	Buildings	Not attended
Tanoli et al. [42]	Asia	Underground utilities	Not attended
Macariola and Silva [43]; Mamter et al. [44]; Al-Ashmori et al. [45]; Telaga [46]; Pilyay and Shilova [47]; Tahir et al. [48]; Musa et al. [49]; Hamada et al. [50]; Hatmoko et al. [51]; Won et al. [52]; Chou and Yang [53]; Chou and Chen [54]	Asia	Not identified	Not attended
Hatem et al. [55]; Gardezi et al. [56]; Charehzehi et al. [57]	Asia	Not identified	Partially attended
Alenazi and Adamu [58]	Asia	Infrastructure	Partially attended
Shin et al. [59]	Asia	Railway	Not attended
Zhou et al. [60]	Asia	Tunnels	Not attended
Liao et al. [61]	Asia	Buildings	Partially attended
Li et al. [62]	Asia	Railway	Not attended
Vitásek and Matějka [63]; Galić et al. [64]	Europe	Buildings	Not attended
Grzyl et al. [65]	Europe	Not identified	Not attended
Bensalah et al. [66]	Africa	Railway	Not attended
Kekana et al. [67]	Africa	Not identified	Not attended
Aladag et al. [68]	Asia/Europe	Buildings	Partially attended
De Matos and de Oliveira Miranda [69]	South America	Public construction	Partially attended