A Review of Employer-Caused Delay Factors in Traditional and Building Information Modeling (BIM)-Enabled Projects: Research Framework

Table 8

A timeline progress review for construction delay aspects addressed in the previous studies for BIM-enabled projects.

Year period	Research papers (BIM-enabled projects)	Review/progress discussion
2007–13	Latiffi et al. [36]; Kulatunga et al. [128]; Mahamid [4]; Tan and Ghazali [129]; Oshodi Olalekan and Rimaka [80]; Sutrisna [130]; Motaleb and Kishk [73]; Gardezi et al. [56]; Shebob et al. [1]; and Tumi et al. [11]	BIM-related research target papers between 2007 and 2013 have not reviewed the construction delay in all aspects. For instance, Latiffi et al. [36] have considered reviewing the BIM application in Malaysian construction, but they did not consider the subject of the construction delay in BIM applications
2014–16	Ma et al. [39]; Zhang et al. [41]; Kekana et al. [67]; and Aladag et al. [68]	Slight progress in considering the construction delay factors and the employer-related delay factors is noticed for the BIM-enabled project. For instance (for targeted papers for the years between 2014–2016), Aladag et al. [68] have considered some of the employer delay factors that complicate or obstruct using BIM in controlling employer delays, such as lack of employer demand and motivation to use BIM and additional cost arising from the BIM use. However, the level of consideration for the employer delay factors in BIM-enabled projects is still partial
2017–18	Ham et al. [33]; Maués et al. [113]; Btoush & Harun [35]; Bui [38]; Jia et al. [40]; Won et al. [52]; Hamada et al. [50]; Wang et al. [116]; Chou and Yang [53]; Chou and Chen [54]; Charehzehi et al. [57]; Alenazi and Adamu [58]; Li et al. [62]; Li et al. [62]; Grzyl [65]; and De Matosand de Oliveira Miranda [69]	More advancement progress in the construction delay factors and the employer-related delay factors are noticed for the BIM-enabled project. For instance, Hatem et al. [55], Charehzehi et al. [57], and Liao et al. [61] have considered the employer-delay factors in the BIM research papers, which are concerning the construction delay.
2019–21	Al-Ashmori et al. [45]; Grzyl et al. [65]; Bui [38]; Hatmoko et al. [51]; Liao et al. [61]; Macariola and Silva [43]; Tanoli et al. [42]; Zhou et al. [60]	Liao et al. [61] have managed to review and study many construction barriers to implement BIM in the construction projects, such as “executives failing to recognize the value of BIM-based processes and needing training, Resistance to changes in corporate culture and structure.”