Immunological Alterations due to Hemodialysis Might Interfere with Early Complications in Renal Transplantation

Table 5

Intradialytic alterations of the immune system.

	Alterations during HD	Literature (comments)		Membrane
Natural killer cells	Frequencies ↓	Grooteman et al. [14]	8	CM, CA, PS
		Present publication (transient)	15	PN
Natural killer T cells	Frequencies ↓	Present publication (transient)	15	PN
CD4+ T lymphocytes	Frequencies ↑	Grooteman et al. [14]	8	CM, CA, PS
		Present publication	15	PN
		Szczepańska et al. [15]	12
CD8+ T lymphocytes	Frequencies =	Grooteman et al. [14]	8	PS
	Frequencies ↓	Grooteman et al. [14]	8	CM, CA
		Present publication	15	PN
	Number ↓	Yoon et al. [13]	21
Activation marker (CD25, HLA-DR)	Frequencies =	Grooteman et al. [14]	8	CM, CA, PS
	Frequencies ↑	Present publication (CD25, CD4+ HLA-DR+ T cells)	15	PN
	Frequencies ↓	Present publication (CD8+ HLA-DR+ T cells)	15	PN
Regulatory T cells	Frequencies ↑	Present publication	15	PN
Complement activation	Transient increase within 15 minutes	Girndt et al. [18] (MAC)	14	PA, H
	Transient increase in C3a within 30 minutes	Rousseau et al. [11]	6	PS, CA, CU
		Varela et al. [12]	12	CM, H, MC
		Hörl et al. [10] (all: CU > S)
	Transient increase in C5a within 60 minutes	Varela et al. [12]	12	CM, H, MC
	Transient decrease within 60 minutes	Present publication (alternative & classical pathway)	15	PN
TGFβ	Transient decrease in concentration	Present publication	15	PN
		Stefoni et al. [16]	155	H, PAN, PS
sCD30	Concentration ↑	Present publication	15	PN

Abbreviations: : number of dialyzed patients. Membrane: CA: cellulose acetate; CM: cuprammonium; CU: cuprophan; H: Hemophan; MC: modified cellulose; PA: polyamide; PAN: polyacrylnitrile; PN: polynephron; PS: polysulphone. References: Grooteman et al. [14], Szczepańska et al. [15], Yoon et al. [13], Girndt et al. [18], Rousseau et al. [11], Varela et al. [12], Hörl [10], and Stefoni et al. [16].