Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogels Based on Gelatin and PVA by Biocompatible Approaches: Synthesis and Characterization

Table 3

The properties of IPN PVA/GE hydrogels after three freezing-thawing cycles.

Samples	IPN-1	IPN-2	IPN-3	IPN-4
Gel fraction (%)	44 ± 1.30	58 ± 1.60	67 ± 1.70	74 ± 1.90
EDS (%)	165 ± 3.50	158 ± 3.10	149 ± 2.80	142 ± 2.40
EWC (%)	62 ± 1.98	61 ± 1.92	60 ± 1.87	59 ± 1.82
Stress (MPa)	0.25 ± 0.12	0.43 ± 0.20	0.64 ± 0.34	0.67 ± 0.38
Strain (%)	25.50 ± 6.40	31.85 ± 10.50	48.64 ± 14.00	68.70 ± 17.50
Elastic modulus (MPa)	0.45 ± 0.60	0.45 ± 0.60	0.87 ± 1.75	0.98 ± 2.45
Tensile strength (MPa)	0.41 ± 0.07	0.66 ± 0.12	0.74 ± 0.16	0.75 ± 0.18
Solid density (𝜌𝑠) (Mg m^−3)	1.27	1.45	1.47	1.49