Numerical Analysis of Hot Cracking in Laser-Hybrid Welded Tubes

Table 1

Parameters of the viscoplastic model used (see [31]).

	20^˚C	900^˚C–1440^˚C	1500^˚C
𝐶1	4.37×10^−2	𝐶^(1/𝑚+1)	8.83×10^1
𝐶2	8.92	𝑛/(𝑚+1)	1.10
𝐶3	−1.93	𝑚/(𝑚+1)	−5.85×10^−2
𝐶4	1.26×10^5	𝑄/(𝑚+1)	1×10^−4

^∗𝐶, 𝑛, 𝑚, 𝑄 from Kozlowski’s fit.