Mesostructural Design and Manufacturing of Open-Pore Metal Foams by Investment Casting

<table>Open-pore AlZn11 foams with a pore density of <svg height="15.35" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 54.462502 15.35" width="54.462502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,10.475,14.938)"><path d="M619 482q0 -69 -40.5 -119t-96 -72.5t-118.5 -26.5h-44l-70 20l-31 -151q-14 -67 0.5 -83t89.5 -22l-5 -28h-287l8 28q65 7 81.5 22t29.5 83l79 398q12 56 0.5 70.5t-78.5 20.5l7 28h255q108 0 164 -43t56 -125zM524 478q0 141 -146 141q-25 0 -47 -8q-16 -6 -20.5 -13.5
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<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,23.388,10.862)"><path d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" id="x3D"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.074,10.862)"><path d="M384 0h-275v27q67 5 81.5 18.5t14.5 68.5v385q0 38 -7.5 47.5t-40.5 10.5l-48 2v24q85 15 178 52v-521q0 -55 14.5 -68.5t82.5 -18.5v-27z" id="x31"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,46.234,10.862)"><path d="M241 635q53 0 94 -28.5t63.5 -76t33.5 -102.5t11 -116q0 -58 -11 -112.5t-34 -103.5t-63.5 -78.5t-94.5 -29.5t-95 28t-64.5 75t-34.5 102.5t-11 118.5q0 58 11.5 112.5t34.5 103t64.5 78t95.5 29.5zM238 602q-32 0 -55.5 -25t-35.5 -68t-17.5 -91t-5.5 -105
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</svg> ppi (a) in untreated conditions (<svg height="15.1375" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.912498 15.1375" width="46.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.6,14.938)"><path d="M298 36l-68 -35q-25 -13 -42 -13q-98 0 -98 119v290h-69l-4 11l28 29h45v72l65 67l14 -2v-137h113q8 -8 6 -21t-12 -19h-107v-256q0 -96 59 -96q29 0 61 17z" id="x74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.289,14.938)"><path d="M513 0h-211v26q44 5 55 17t11 60v166q0 123 -98 123q-59 0 -104 -51v-238q0 -48 10 -60.5t55 -16.5v-26h-213l1 26q46 4 57 16t11 61v477q0 48 -9.5 58.5t-58.5 14.5v24q63 9 147 35v-336q73 73 143 73q64 0 101 -42t37 -129v-175q0 -49 11 -61t55 -16v-26z" id="x68"></path></g>
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</svg>), (b) strut thickened with PG1 by <svg height="15.1375" id="M146" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.912498 15.1375" width="46.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><path d="M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.6,14.938)"><path d="M298 36l-68 -35q-25 -13 -42 -13q-98 0 -98 119v290h-69l-4 11l28 29h45v72l65 67l14 -2v-137h113q8 -8 6 -21t-12 -19h-107v-256q0 -96 59 -96q29 0 61 17z" id="x74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.289,14.938)"><path d="M513 0h-211v26q44 5 55 17t11 60v166q0 123 -98 123q-59 0 -104 -51v-238q0 -48 10 -60.5t55 -16.5v-26h-213l1 26q46 4 57 16t11 61v477q0 48 -9.5 58.5t-58.5 14.5v24q63 9 147 35v-336q73 73 143 73q64 0 101 -42t37 -129v-175q0 -49 11 -61t55 -16v-26z" id="x68"></path></g>
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</svg>, and (c) strut thickened with PG1 by <svg height="14.9375" id="M147" style="vertical-align:-3.22281pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 46.912498 14.9375" width="46.912498" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.65)"><path d="M495 86q-46 -47 -87 -72.5t-63 -25.5q-43 0 -16 107l49 210q7 34 8 50.5t-3 21t-13 4.5q-35 0 -109.5 -72.5t-115.5 -140.5q-21 -75 -38 -159q-50 -10 -76 -21l-6 8l84 340q8 35 -4 35q-17 0 -67 -46l-15 26q44 44 85.5 70.5t64.5 26.5q35 0 10 -103l-24 -98h2
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<g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.6,14.737)"><path d="M298 36l-68 -35q-25 -13 -42 -13q-98 0 -98 119v290h-69l-4 11l28 29h45v72l65 67l14 -2v-137h113q8 -8 6 -21t-12 -19h-107v-256q0 -96 59 -96q29 0 61 17z" id="x74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,12.289,14.737)"><path d="M513 0h-211v26q44 5 55 17t11 60v166q0 123 -98 123q-59 0 -104 -51v-238q0 -48 10 -60.5t55 -16.5v-26h-213l1 26q46 4 57 16t11 61v477q0 48 -9.5 58.5t-58.5 14.5v24q63 9 147 35v-336q73 73 143 73q64 0 101 -42t37 -129v-175q0 -49 11 -61t55 -16v-26z" id="x68"></path></g>
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</svg>.</table>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

fig7

Figure 7

Figure 7: Mesostructural Design and Manufacturing of Open-Pore Metal Foams by Investment Casting 