A Modified Comprehensive Model for Piezoelectric Stack Actuators and Corresponding Parameter Identification Method

<div>Normalized unit step responses of the three PSAs measured by the LDV and predicted by the modified comprehensive model: (a) the normalized unit step responses and (b) the modeling errors.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 9

Figure 9: A Modified Comprehensive Model for Piezoelectric Stack Actuators and Corresponding Parameter Identification Method 