Construction Technique of Long-Span Shallow-Buried Tunnel Considering the Optimal Sequence of Pilot-Tunnel Excavation

Figure 8

Vertical displacement nephograms of each step.

(a) Vertical displacement nephogram of Step 1

(b) Vertical displacement nephogram of Step 2

(c) Vertical displacement nephogram of Step 3

(d) Vertical displacement nephogram of Step 4

(e) Vertical displacement nephogram of Step 5

(f) Vertical displacement nephogram of Step 6