Adsorption Equilibrium for Heavy Metal Divalent Ions (Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺) into Zirconium-Based Ferromagnetic Sorbent

Table 1

Comparison of maximum adsorption capacity of the zirconium-based ferromagnetic sorbent with various magnetic sorbents reported in literatures for Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺, and Cd²⁺ adsorption.

Magnetic sorbents	Maximum adsorption capacity (mg/g)			Experimental conditions		References
	Cu^2+	Zn^2+	Cd^2+	Initial concentration (mg/L)	Adsorbent dosage (g/L)
Zirconium-based magnetic sorbent	48.4	29.2	30.9	5–350	1	Present study
Fe3O4/cyclodextrin polymer nanocomposites	—	—	27.7	50–400	12	Badruddoza et al. [12]
Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS) and copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and crotonic acid (CA)	126.9	43.4	29.6	20–450	1	Ge et al. [13]
Magnetic ferric oxide doped vinyl benzene chloride divinylbenzene-based polymer	25.6	—	—	30	0.05–2	Simsek et al. [14]
Magnetic polymer beads with abundant amino groups	51.7	—	—	100–400	—	Lin et al. [15]
Magnetic Fe3O4 baker’s yeast biomass	—	—	41.0	40–300	1	Xu et al. [16]
Iron oxide nanoparticles	—	—	18.5	10–600	10	Nassar [17]