Numerical Study on the Local Buckling Behaviour of Bolted Steel Plates in Steel Jacketing

Figure 3

Buckling modes of each of the specimens (a) C4NN, (b) E4NN, (c) E4AN, (d) E6NN, (e) E4SN, (f) E4MN, (g) E4LN, and (h) E4SS.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

(f)

(g)

(h)