Deposition Methods for Microstructured and Nanostructured Coatings on Metallic Bone Implants: A Review

Table 2

A critical assessment of microstructured and nanostructured deposition techniques reviewed in this paper.

Process	Advantages	Disadvantages
Plasma spray	(i) High deposition rate	(i) High concentration of amorphous coating and residual stress
	(ii) Low cost	(ii) Difficulty producing nanoporous coating
	(iii) Wide range of coating materials	(iii) Difficulty coating complex components
Electrodeposition	(i) High deposition rate	Caustic waste
	(ii) Ability to coat complex substrates
	(iii) Controlled nanoporous coatings
PVD (thermal)	Dense coatings of nanoscale thickness	(i) Difficulty coating complex components
		(ii) Difficulty producing nanoporous coatings
PVD (sputter)	Ability to coat complex components	(i) High cost
		(ii) Low deposition rate
CVD	Ability to coat complex components	(i) High temperature process
		(ii) Use of volatile gases
		(iii) Limited coating composition
Aerosol deposition	(i) Low cost	Very low deposition efficiency
	(ii) Controlled nanoporous coatings