Experimental Study and Numerical Simulation of Seismic Behavior for RC Columns Subjected to Freeze-Thaw Cycles

Table 1

The design parameters of specimens.

Specimen; number	Concrete strength grade			(kN)	(%)	(%)	Freeze-thaw cycles
Z-C1	C50	5	0.3	300.6	3.01	1.18	0
Z-C2	C50	5	0.3	300.6	3.01	1.18	100
Z-C3	C50	5	0.3	300.6	3.01	1.18	200
Z-C4	C50	5	0.3	300.6	3.01	1.18	300

Note: is the shear span ratio; is the axial load ratio with design; is the axial force; is the ratio of longitudinal reinforcements of columns; is the volume-stirrup ratio of columns.