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Author, year | Material (implant type) | Expected causes/effect of implant failure | Implant duration (months) |
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Stronach et al. [60], 2016 | No evidence of material (Hip stem) | (i) Fretting corrosion (ii) Crevice corrosion (iii) Fatigue failure | 72 |
|
Guerra-Fuentes et al. [61], 2015 | 316L stainless steel (Femoral bone) | (i) Bone callus formation (ii) Fretting wear of fixation screws (iii) Fatigue failure (iv) Plate implant fractured | 4 |
|
Hernandez-Rodriguez et al. [62], 2015 | Ti-6Al-4V (dental) | (i) Bone resorption (ii) Rough surface finish in the screw (iii) Crack and fractured | 6 |
|
Gervais et al. [63], 2016 | 316L stainless steel (femoral bone) | (i) High-fatigue cycles (106 cycles) (ii) Unexpected fall of the patient | <24 |
|
Kanchanomai et al. [64], 2008 | No evidence of material (femoral bone) | (i) Fatigue crack in the compression hole (ii) Fatigue crack in the locking hole | 0.27 |
|
Amel-Farzad et al. [65], 2007 | Stainless steel (femoral bone) | (i) Corrosion fatigue (ii) Crevice corrosion pitting (iii) Nonstandard material (Supplied in the alloy) | 24 |
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Marcomini et al. [66], 2014 | Stainless steel (femoral) | (i) Poor material quality (ii) High phosphorous content (nonstandard) (iii) Segregation at grain boundaries (iv) Crack propagation (cyclic loading) (v) Loss of ductility due to cold work | 1st failed at 4 sent back to the manufacturer, and 2nd failed at 6 |
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