Research Article
Pullout Characteristics of Geosynthetics Reinforced Earth Using Multilayer Spreading Pullout Test
Table 1
Pullout test using pullout boxes of different size [
21].
| Researcher | Year | Pullout box size (length × width × height) | Remarks |
| Palmeira and Milligan | 1989 | 100 cm × 100 cm × 100 cm | Large | 25 cm × 15 cm × 50 cm | Small | Dennes T. Bergado | 1992 | 80 cm × 130 cm × 50 cm | | Fannin and Raju | 1993 | 130 cm × 64 cm × 60 cm | | Farrag | 1993 | 152 cm × 90 cm × 76 cm | | Wilson-Fahmy | 1994 | 190 cm × 91 cm × 110 cm | | Cho and Kim | 1995 | 140 cm × 60 cm × 60 cm | | Abramento and Whittle | 1995 | 68 cm × 30 cm × 62.5 cm | | Alfaro and Hayashi and Miura and Watanabe | 1995 | 150 cm × 60 cm × 40 cm | | Ghosh and Bhasim | 1996 | 50 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm | | Ochiai | 1996 | 60 cm × 40 cm × 20 cm | | Sabit Adanur | 1996 | 91 cm × 61 cm × 46 cm | | Yei-Sain Lee | 1996 | 60 cm × 35 cm × 24 cm | | Lopes and Ladeira | 1996 | 153 cm × 100 cm × 80 cm | | Shin | 1999 | 60 cm × 40 cm × 100 cm | | Teixeira, Bueno and Zornberg | 1999 | 150 cm × 70 cm × 48 cm | | Ghionna. V. N. | 2001 | 150 cm × 60 cm × 70 cm | | Bang. Y. G | 2001 | 60 cm × 60 cm × 30 cm | | S. A. Aiban and S. M. Ali | 2001 | 50 cm × 10 cm × 25 cm | | Yuan Z. and J. K. Moore and R. H. Swan | 2002 | 150 cm × 60 cm × 30 cm | | Nejad and Small | 2005 | 30 cm × 26.5 cm × 37 cm | | Abdelrahman, Ashmawy and Abdelmoniem | 2007 | 120 cm × 70 cm × 116 cm | | Hossain and Sakai | 2007 | 15 cm × 10 cm × 10 cm | | ASTM | 2001 | 61 cm × 41 cm × 30 cm | Minimum standard | 2003 | 61 cm × 46 cm × 30.5 cm | GRI | 1991 | 120 cm × 75 cm × 60 cm | Minimum standard | Kim, J. H | 2016 | 100 cm × 40 cm × 90 cm | This study |
|
|