Adsorption of Nitrate onto ZnCl₂-Modified Coconut Granular Activated Carbon: Kinetics, Characteristics, and Adsorption Dynamics

Table 1

Literature information on various adsorbents for nitrate removal from water.

Adsorbent	Contact time	(mg·g^−1)	Reference
Untreated coconut granular activated carbon	2 h	1.7	[13]
ZnCl2-treated coconut granular activated carbon	2 h	10.2	[13]
Commercial activated carbon modified by C13H42NBr	120 min	21.51	[12]
Modified anion exchange resin (Dowex 21K XLT) by iron	180 min	333.47	[14]
Modified sugarcane bagasse biochar	60 min	28.21	[15]
Sugar beet bagasse by chemical activation	—	9.14–27.55	[16]
Amine-grafted corn cob/coconut copra	24 h	220.99/261.29	[17]
Pilot-scale-produced wheat/cotton stalk resins	60 min	43.88/33.35	[18]
Lab-scale-produced wheat/cotton stalk resins	60 min	50.24/39.15	[18]
ALR-AE resin	10 min	44.61	[19]
Carbon-silicon nano/bulk composites	60 min	11.343/5.495	[20]
Polyethylene glycol/chitosan	40 min	50.68	[21]
Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan	40 min	35.03	[21]
Scrap tire chips	3 d	2.92	[22]
Anion exchange resin (Dowex 21K XLT)	180 min	122.23	[14]
New polymeric resin modified with amino and quaternary ammonium groups	24 h	221.8	[23]
Cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid biocomposites (chitosan/bentonite)	180 min	35.68	[24]
Cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid biocomposites (chitosan/titanium oxide)	180 min	43.62	[24]
Cross-linked organic-inorganic hybrid biocomposites (chitosan/alumina)	180 min	45.38	[24]
Mg-Al-Cl hydrotalcite-like compound	40 min	19.12	[25]