Formation of Surface Ultrafine Grain Structure and Their Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Using Vibration-Centrifugal Hardening

<div>Wearing kinetics for friction pairs made of 40 Kh steel-40 Kh steel after the VCH and hardening ((a) ring; (b) insert) under a load of 2 MPa in an oil-abrasive environment: (1) VCH; (2) hardening with low tempering (200°C).</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 7

Figure 7: Formation of Surface Ultrafine Grain Structure and Their Physical and Mechanical Characteristics Using Vibration-Centrifugal Hardening 