Investigation of Microstructural Damage in Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete under Freezing-Thawing Action

Table 1

Chemical and physical properties of the cement, FA, and SF.

		Binder
		Cement	Fly ash	Silica fume
Chemical composition (%)	SiO2	20.40	54.88	94.48
	Al2O3	4.70	26.89	0.27
	Fe2O3	3.38	6.49	0.83
	CaO	64.70	4.77	0.54
	MgO	0.87	1.31	0.97
	SO3	1.88	1.16	0.8
	K2O	0.45	1.05	—
	Na2O	0.38	0.88	—
	Loss	3.24	2.56	2.11
Physical properties	Specific density (kg/m^3)	3130	2240	2500
	Specific surface area (m^2/kg)	362	454	22000