Extruded Catalysts with Magnetic Properties for Biodiesel Production

Table 4

Comparison of the catalytic performance of structured catalysts for transesterification reactions reported in the literature.

Catalysts	Reaction parameters			Biodiesel yield (%)	References
	Oil : alcohol molar ratio	Catalyst (wt.%)	Reaction conditions
K/BC-Fe2O3 (magnetic)	Methanol (1 : 8)	2.5	60°C, 60 min, 400 rpm	98	[25]
^a(Al2O3)8.2(ZnO)2.0	Soybean : methanol (1 : 10)	—	100°C, 300 min	75	[48]
^a(Al2O3)8.2(ZnO)2.0	Soybean : ethanol (1 : 10)	—	100°C, 300 min	35
Zr-SBA-15	Animal fat and waste cooking : methanol (1 : 50)	12.45	209°C, 360 min, 2000 rpm	92	[49]
^bMg-Al/monoliths	Sunflower : methanol (1 : 48)	2	60°C, 600 min	77	[50]
Zinc aluminate	Rapeseed : methanol (1 : 27)	4	200°C, 360 min, 800 rpm	70	[51]
K/Al2O3-cordierite	Soybean : methanol (1 : 32)	0.5	120°C, 360 min, 500 rpm	59	[52]
^cZnL2 structured support	Rapeseed : methanol (1 : 12)	0.3	195°C	54	[53]
K2CO3/γ-Al2O3/sepiolite/(0.3) Fe3O4	Sunflower : ethanol (1 : 12)	5	78°C, 240 min, 200 rpm	≈88	In this study

^aReaction carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. ^bMg-Al hydrotalcites Fecralloy® monoliths used as supports—reaction carried out at 1 atm. ^cReaction carried out at 20 bars.