Design and Climate-Responsiveness Performance Evaluation of an Integrated Envelope for Modular Prefabricated Buildings

Table 3

Building information.

Climate zone	Cold climate zone in China
Build time	2013
Surrounding environment	In sculpture park, surrounded by green space
Building area	82 m^2
Building size	12.1 m (L) × 7.2 m (W) × 3 m (H)
Building storey	1 F
Building structure	Steel frame
Glazing size	South: 40 m^2; north: 7.8 m^2
Details and parameters	(i) Four layers of low-e insulating glass with a thickness of 5 mm/42 mm and a U-value of 0.48 W/(m^2·K), a shading coefficient of 0.443 for the south glazing wall
	(ii) Wall material: 80 mm mineral wool + HIP, a U-value of 0.2 W/(m^2·K)
	(iii) Roof material: 130 mm mineral wool and HIP, a U-value of 0.1 W/(m^2·K)
Other strategies	(iv) PV system: 70 m^2 PV panels with a capacity of 11.5 kW, thin film photovoltaic panels
	(v) Solar thermal: solar vacuum tube collectors
	(vi) HVAC: WSHP (cop = 6) and ASHP
	(vii) Water system: membrane bioreactor water treatment technology

Source: authors’ own data.