Numerical Investigation of Wind Erosion to the Grooved Concrete Wall Surface under a Wind-Blown Sand Movement

Table 1

Erosion rates of grooved and smooth wall surfaces under different wind velocities and impact angles.

Impact angle (°)	Wind velocity (m/s)	Erosion rate of grooved wall surface (mg/m^2·s)	Erosion rate of smooth wall surface (mg/m^2·s)	Optimization rate (%)
30	19	8.943E + 01	7.431E + 01	−20.350
	23	1.269E + 02	1.059E + 02	−19.797
	26	1.924E + 02	1.694E + 02	−13.548
45	19	1.282E + 02	1.214E + 02	−5.552
	23	2.449E + 02	2.387E + 02	−2.614
	26	3.211E + 02	3.159E + 02	−1.653
60	19	1.829E + 02	1.849E + 02	1.109
	23	3.580E + 02	3.685E + 02	2.855
	26	4.227E + 02	4.334E + 02	2.471
75	19	2.862E + 02	2.994E + 02	4.397
	23	3.961E + 02	4.121E + 02	3.878
	26	5.147E + 02	5.363E + 02	4.026
90	19	3.447E + 02	3.632E + 02	5.084
	23	4.638E + 02	4.876E + 02	4.884
	26	5.670E + 02	5.934E + 02	4.457