Physicomechanical Assessments and Heavy Metals’ Leaching Potential of Modified Asphalt Binders Incorporating Crumb Rubber and Tin Slag Powders

Table 10

Basic properties of asphalt binders.

Properties	Control sample	Crumb rubber content (%)			Tin slag content (%)
		5%	10%	15%	5%	10%	15%
Penetration, dmm	65	58	54	42	56	57	57
Softening point, °C	50	53	56	61	49	48	45
Penetration index	−0.574	0.217	0.957	2.062	−2.255	−2.255	−2.255
Elastic recovery, %	92.3	54	37	32	91.67	91	91.67
Ductility, cm	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100	>100