Efficacy of Natural Zeolite and Metakaolin as Partial Alternatives to Cement in Fresh and Hardened High Strength Concrete

Table 1

The chemical properties of OPC 53 grade cement, natural zeolite, and metakaolin.

Constituents (%)	Materials
	OPC 53	Natural zeolite	Metakaolin
SiO2	21.25	74.3	52
Al2O3	4.33	10.52	46
Fe2O3	1.85	1.6	0.6
TiO2	0.13	—	0.65
CaO	64.3	4.25	0.09
MgO	1.81	0.6	0.3
Na2O	0.17	—	0.1
K2O	0.71	—	0.03
LOI	1.5	5.3	1