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| SN | References | Approaches | Matrix | Melting degree, °C | Stirring time (t), min | Stirring speed, rpm | Reinforcement size | Stirrer design conditions |
| Metal or alloys | Reinforcement | Impeller blade shapes and numbers | Position of impeller (h) (mm) from the bottom | Diameter of impeller (d), mm | Blade angle (α), ° | Blade width |
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| 1 | [46] | Finite element analysis-ANSYS1 Flotran-CFD, a photograph of the visualization experiment | Molten aluminum, glycerol | SiC-polystyrene particles | NA∗ | NA∗ | 100 to 1000 | <10 mm | A simple flat-blade stirrer | 10, 20, 50, and 70% of the H | 0.4 D | NA∗ | 0.1–0.2 d |
| 2 | [8] | Visualization experiments simulation | Water and transparent glycerol | SiC | NA∗ | NA∗ | 50, 100, 200, 250, 300 | 13 micrometres | Three- and four-blade stirrer and turbine-blade stirrer | 20 mm from the base of the crucible = 0.3H | 0.76 D | 30, 45, 60, 90 | 10 mm |
| 3 | [50] | A water model | Water | Natural graphite | NA∗ | NA∗ | 250–270 rpm | 75 micrometres | Three-blade propeller type of impellers | 70 mm above the bottom of the tank, = 1/3 H | 0.48 D | 30 | NA∗ |
| 4 | [48] | Particle image velocimetry (PIV) and plane laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) | Highly viscous fluid | NA∗ | NA∗ | NA∗ | NA∗ | NA∗ | Four-stage Intermig impellers | 0.22 D | 0.9 D | Up and down (90, 45 anticlockwise; 90, 45 clockwise) | NA∗ |
| 5 | [49] | The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models | Water or glycerol/water mixture | SiC particles | NA∗ | 14 to 170 s for low and from 540 to more than 3920 s for high viscosity system | 50 to 500 | 13–100 micrometres | Four-flat-blade impeller | 20 mm from the base of the crucible = 0.3 H | 0.76 D | 45 | 10 m |
| 6 | [12] | CFD analysis using the finite element analysis (FEA), ANSYS package Fluent software and experiments | Al | SiC particles | NA∗ | 10 | 300, 600, 1000 | NA∗ | Four different blade angles as single stage, double stage, and multistage | 0.25, 0.5, 0.55, 0.6, 0.75 | NA∗ | 30, 45, 60, 90 | 0.2 D |
| 7 | [54] | ANSYS CFD, a developed computational model of stir casting | Water glycerol mixture | SiC particles | NA∗ | NA∗ | 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 | NA∗ | Three and four blades | 20 mm from the base | 0.76 D | 90 | 10 mm |
| 8 | [51] | Grey Taguchi method and finite element analysis using ANSYS 14.5 fluent-CFD | Al 7075 | B4C fly ash | 850 | 10 | 500, 550, 600 | 16–20 micrometres and 1–2 microns | Four turbine blades | 0.25 H | 0.5, 0.6, 0.75 D | 30, 45, 60 | 0.05 D |
| 9 | [10] | Finite element analysis using ANSYS Fluent-CFD software | Al | SiC particles | 850–950 | 10 | 600 | NA∗ | NA∗ | h ≥ 0:3H0 H0 is the height of the fluid | 0.5 D | 30 | 0.1–0.2 D |
| 10 | [60] | The cool water model experiments and CFD, the Eulerian multiphase model, and standard k- ε turbulence model were adopted | Water | Glass powder | NA∗ | 1 | The rotating speed varies from 150 to 250 | 176 micrometres (average) | Four-stage Intermig impellers | 30 mm from the base | 0.62 D | NA∗ | NA∗ |
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