Mechanism and Integrated Control of “Rib Spalling: Roof Collapse—Support Instability” Hazard Chains in Steeply Dipping Soft Coal Seams

<div>Vertical stress distribution in the 12124 working face. (a) 3D section of the mining area (along the working face dip). (b) An enlarged image of part of the working face.</div>

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Figure 17

Figure 17: Mechanism and Integrated Control of “Rib Spalling: Roof Collapse—Support Instability” Hazard Chains in Steeply Dipping Soft Coal Seams 