A New Mitigation Measure to Counter Thermal Instability of Air-Cooled Embankment in Sandy Permafrost Zones of Tibet Plateau

Table 3

Thermal parameters of different media [24, 26, 30].

Thermal parameters	Cfs (J·m^−3·°C^−1)	λfs (W·m^−1·°C^−1)	Cus (J·m^−3·°C^−1)	λus (J·m^−3·°C^−1)	l (J·m^−3)
Embankment fill	1.913 × 10^6	1.980	2.232 × 10^6	1.919	2.01 × 10^7
Sand	1.465 × 10^6	0.258	1.465 × 10^6	0.258	0
Gravel soil	1.863 × 10^6	2.610	2.401 × 10^6	1.910	2.32 × 10^7
Weathered stone	2.122 × 10^6	1.824	2.413 × 10^6	1.474	3.81 × 10^7
Ballast	1.006 × 10^6	0.346	1.006 × 10^6	0.346	0