Seismic Behavior of Elliptical Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns under Combined Axial Compression and Cyclic Lateral Loading

Figure 11

Stiffness of test specimens. (a) Variation of aspect ratio. (b) Variation of axial compression ratio. (c) Variation of bending axis. (d) Variation of slenderness ratio. (e) Variation of concrete strength.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)