Research Article
Design and Numerical Simulation of Pyramidal Prefolded Patterned Thin-Walled Tubes
Table 1
Geometries and numerical results of square tubes with patterns for the analysis of parameters
M and
.
| | Specimen | h (mm) | (°) | Weight increase (%) | (kN) | reduction (%) | (kN) | SEA (kJ/kg) | SEA increase (%) | Crushing trajectory |
| | SQU | 0.0 | 90.0 | 0 | 132.1 | 0 | 46.2 | 10.5 | 0 | | | S3_R25_88 | 1.0 | 88.4 | 0.1 | 71.2 | 46.1 | 45.2 | 10.3 | −2.4 | CF | | S3_R25_84 | 2.9 | 85.1 | 0.4 | 65.3 | 50.6 | 44.7 | 10.1 | −3.8 | CF | | S3_R25_80 | 4.8 | 81.8 | 0.7 | 58.0 | 56.1 | 44.5 | 10.1 | −4.5 | CF | | S3_R25_76 | 6.9 | 78.5 | 1.2 | 55.5 | 58.0 | 43.8 | 9.9 | −6.4 | CF | | S4_R25_88 | 0.7 | 88.8 | 0.1 | 87.2 | 34.0 | 49.4 | 11.2 | 6.7 | NF | | S4_R25_84 | 2.2 | 86.3 | 0.4 | 73.6 | 44.3 | 52.5 | 11.9 | 13.2 | NCF | | S4_R25_80 | 3.6 | 83.8 | 0.9 | 66.3 | 49.8 | 51.2 | 11.6 | 9.7 | NCF | | S4_R25_76 | 5.1 | 81.3 | 1.2 | 61.9 | 53.1 | 49.5 | 11.1 | 5.8 | CF | | S4_R25_72 | 6.7 | 78.8 | 1.4 | 61.0 | 53.8 | 48.6 | 10.9 | 3.6 | CF | | S5_R25_88 | 0.6 | 89.0 | 0.2 | 92.6 | 29.9 | 50.5 | 11.5 | 9.0 | NF | | S5_R25_84 | 1.7 | 87.1 | 0.7 | 77.1 | 41.6 | 49.2 | 11.1 | 5.7 | NF | | S5_R25_80 | 2.9 | 85.1 | 1.1 | 72.4 | 45.2 | 55.9 | 12.6 | 19.5 | NCF | | S5_R25_76 | 4.1 | 83.1 | 1.8 | 64.7 | 51.0 | 55.1 | 12.3 | 17.1 | NCF | | S5_R25_72 | 5.4 | 81.0 | 2.5 | 61.3 | 53.6 | 54.8 | 12.2 | 15.6 | CF | | S5_R25_68 | 6.7 | 78.8 | 3.0 | 59.7 | 54.8 | 53.5 | 11.8 | 12.4 | CF | | S5_R25_64 | 8.0 | 76.6 | 3.9 | 57.7 | 56.3 | 51.7 | 11.3 | 7.7 | CF | | S5_R25_60 | 9.5 | 74.2 | 4.5 | 57.4 | 56.5 | 50.3 | 11.0 | 4.1 | CF | | S6_R25_80 | 2.4 | 85.9 | 1.2 | 82.5 | 37.5 | 50.8 | 11.4 | 8.5 | NF | | S6_R25_76 | 3.4 | 84.2 | 1.9 | 80.5 | 39.1 | 50.9 | 11.4 | 8.0 | NF | | S6_R25_72 | 4.5 | 82.5 | 2.6 | 79.2 | 40.0 | 60.7 | 13.5 | 28.0 | NCF | | S6_R25_68 | 5.6 | 80.7 | 3.2 | 77.1 | 41.6 | 60.6 | 13.4 | 27.1 | NCF | | S6_R25_64 | 6.7 | 78.8 | 4.2 | 72.6 | 45.0 | 60.5 | 13.2 | 25.5 | NCF | | S6_R25_60 | 7.9 | 76.8 | 5.3 | 71.2 | 46.1 | 60.9 | 13.2 | 25.1 | CF | | S7_R25_76 | 2.9 | 85.0 | 1.9 | 83.4 | 36.9 | 51.3 | 11.5 | 8.8 | NF | | S7_R25_72 | 3.8 | 83.5 | 2.9 | 81.2 | 38.5 | 54.8 | 12.1 | 15.2 | NF | | S7_R25_68 | 4.8 | 82.0 | 3.7 | 79.4 | 39.9 | 61.1 | 13.4 | 27.5 | NCF | | S7_R25_64 | 5.7 | 80.3 | 4.6 | 73.5 | 44.4 | 62.5 | 13.6 | 29.2 | NCF | | S7_R25_60 | 6.8 | 78.6 | 5.6 | 70.3 | 46.8 | 60.4 | 13.0 | 23.8 | NCF |
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