Estimating the Asphalt Binder Film Thickness Using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

Table 10

Comparison of film thicknesses and suggested average conversion factors based on SEM measurement.

SEM and analytical models to estimate asphalt binder film thickness (μm)	Minimum film thickness (μm)	Maximum film thickness (μm)	Suggested average conversion factor as per SEM study
SEM	0.5	2.4
	11.35	12.46	0.120
	11.29	12.39
	11.18	12.27
	9.88	10.80
	10.81	11.20
	11.16	12.25