Estimating the Asphalt Binder Film Thickness Using Scanning Electron Microscope and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy

Table 7

Estimated asphalt binder film thicknesses using analytical models.

Analytical models to estimate asphalt binder film thickness	Mixing temperature (°C)	Asphalt binder film thickness (μm)					Asphalt binder film thickness at optimized bitumen content
		3.5%	4%	4.5%	5%	5.5%	4.36%	4.23%	4.12%
	140	12.82	12.93	13.04	13.16	13.29	12.46
	150	11.96	12.50	12.61	12.73	12.02		12.32
	160	11.11	11.22	11.34	11.05	10.36			11.35
	140	12.57	12.64	12.71	12.78	12.85	12.39
	150	11.72	12.22	12.29	12.36	11.59		12.26
	160	10.88	10.96	11.03	10.70	9.96			11.29
	140	12.69	12.76	12.83	12.90	12.97	12.27
	150	11.83	12.33	12.40	12.47	11.70		12.13
	160	10.98	11.06	11.13	10.79	10.06			11.18
	140	8.60	9.88	11.20	12.50	13.80	10.80
	150	8.60	9.88	11.20	12.50	13.80		10.50
	160	8.60	9.88	11.20	12.50	13.80			9.88
	140	8.92	10.30	11.60	13.00	14.30	11.20
	150	8.92	10.30	11.60	13.00	14.30		11.0
	160	8.92	10.30	11.60	13.00	14.30			10.81
	140	12.60	12.71	12.83	12.94	13.07	12.25
	150	11.76	12.29	12.40	12.52	11.82		12.11
	160	10.92	11.04	11.15	10.87	10.19			11.16