Recent Advancements in the Field of Ni-Based Superalloys

Table 2

A broad grouping of papers reviewed in this article based on unique research areas.

S. No.	Research area	Papers pertaining to the respective area
1	Simulation studies: any study in which simulations were performed in order to reproduce or simulate different casting features, grain structures, skin formation, like the progression of S/L interface, shape of liquidus isotherm, etc.	[2, 8, 36, 37, 41, 42, 54, 56, 60–68]
2	Prediction studies: any study in which various methods were used for predicting the features of the cast specimens like pore size, freckle formation, grain structure, grain size, and fatigue life	[9, 17, 20, 28, 37, 41, 43, 58, 69]
3	Conventional investment casting (Bridgman furnace): any study that focuses on the conventional casting process where a Bridgman furnace is used	[16, 44–46, 70]
4	LMC process: any study in which LMC process was used or was talked about in depth	[1, 30, 35, 36, 71]
5	HRS process: any study in which HRS process was used or was talked about in depth	[8, 30, 36, 71]
6	Radiation baffles: any study that has used baffles or talked in depth about them	[16, 35]
7	Directional solidification: any study that talks in depth about the process and its effects and benefits on the final casting	[4, 5, 12, 15–17, 23, 26, 27, 48, 49, 56, 57, 71, 72, 100]
8	Single crystal: any study that talks in depth about the single crystal process and the procedure for producing a single crystal structure or its effects and benefits on the final casting	[4, 17, 19, 24, 26, 27, 33, 38, 41, 48, 49, 56, 57, 62, 72–74]
9	Polycrystalline: any study that deals with a superalloy having a polycrystal grain structure	[3, 5, 7, 12, 33, 46, 47, 53, 55, 57, 67]
10	Comparative studies: any study that has done a comparison on different properties, manufacturing methods, casting conditions, alloys, or any other parameters	[1–3, 10, 11, 13, 16, 19–23, 25, 30, 33–36, 39, 45, 47, 52, 53, 57, 66, 74–78]
11	1^st generation superalloy: any study that has used a 1^st generation superalloy	[1, 3, 5–7, 10, 11, 13, 30–35, 40, 42, 43, 49, 79]
12	2^nd generation superalloy: any study that has used a 2^nd generation superalloy	[16, 19, 20, 22, 23, 28, 29, 33, 36–38, 43, 56, 68]
13	3^rd generation superalloy: any study that has used a 3^rd generation superalloy	[8, 21, 50]
14	4^th generation superalloy: any study that has used a 4^th generation superalloy	[23, 51, 77]
15	Novel methods: any study that developed new methods to tackle various problems faced in the manufacturing of Ni-based superalloys	[13, 25, 39, 59, 69]
16	Microstructure: any study that talked in depth about the microstructure of the alloys used and its effect on alloy properties and quality	[7, 9–12, 15, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, 32, 34, 35, 39, 46, 52, 54, 55, 57, 59, 67, 68, 72, 74, 76, 77, 79–84]
17	Fracture mode: any study that talks about the fracture mechanisms, modes, and crack propagation taking place in superalloys	[3, 10, 11, 13, 19, 20, 22, 30, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53–55, 58, 59, 67, 77, 85]
18	Ductility	[37]
19	Grain or dendrite size: any study that talks in depth about the grain or dendrite size, PDAS value, SDAS value, carbide size, or other precipitate sizes	[11, 12, 16, 22, 34–36, 59, 66, 79, 80, 82, 86]
20	Grain refinement: any study that talks about grain refinement, the process of refinement, and how and why the refinement takes place	[16, 17, 34, 48, 49, 80, 87, 88]
21	Additive manufacturing: any study in which AM process was used	[10]
22	Hot isostatic pressing: any study in which the HIP process was used	[3, 14, 58, 67, 89]
23	Vacuum condition: any study that talked in depth about the effects of using vacuum conditions during casting procedure	[26]
24	Effect of alloying elements: any study that talks about the effects of different alloying elements and how varying their contents can affect the final product	[7, 40, 42, 55, 59, 73, 76, 77, 82, 83, 90]
25	Freckles: any study that talks about the formation of freckles, the harm they do, and how freckling can be avoided	[5, 8, 26–28, 35, 42, 85, 90–93]
26	Hot tears: any study that talks about the formation of hot tears, the harm they do, and how hot tears can be avoided	[7, 29, 38, 40, 94]
27	Porosities: any study that talks about the formation of porosities, the harm they do, and how they can be avoided	[20, 21, 25, 34, 37, 39, 43, 50, 54, 76]
28	Slivers: any study that talks about the formation of sliver defects, the harm they do, and how they can be avoided	[16, 68]
29	Fatigue properties: any study that deals with the different fatigue properties like fatigue life and behaviour of various superalloys	[1–3, 11–14, 20–22, 30, 41, 43, 47, 58, 67, 74, 86, 95, 96]
30	Creep properties: any study that deals with the different creep properties like creep life and behaviour of various superalloys	[1, 12, 18, 19, 23, 31, 41, 51, 74, 77, 78]
31	Stress/strain properties: any study that deals with the stress/strain properties like stress relaxation and rupture behaviour of various superalloys	[2, 12, 13, 22–25, 33, 37, 41, 45, 47, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 74, 88]
32	Grain selection: any study that talks in depth about the grain selection/competitive growth process that takes place when selecting a single grain while producing SX components	[4, 6, 36, 49, 56, 62, 85, 95, 97]
33	Geometric effect: any study that talks about how the geometry or dimensions of the components, the mould, or the cores affect the properties of the final product	[4, 5, 8, 31, 42, 79, 80, 93]
34	Ceramic mould/core constituents: any study that deals with the effects the composition and type of constituents of the ceramic slurry used in making the mould and cores have on the final product	[56, 66, 87]
35	Mould interaction with alloy: any study that deals with the different interactions that take place between the mould and the cast superalloy due to the reaction between the elements in the alloy and mould constituents	[46, 98, 99]
36	Grain orientation and misorientation: any study that deals with the formation of grains that present unacceptable deviations in the grain orientation angles, and studies that have come up with methods to prevent misorientation	[11, 22, 35, 36, 49, 56, 62, 68]
37	Use of supportive unconventional techniques: any study where some techniques or methods like TMF or EMS were used along with the casting process for specific purposes	[17, 27, 32, 41, 74]
38	Casting process conditions/parameters: any study that talks in depth about the effects of using different casting conditions or parameters	[30, 31, 34, 44, 49, 80, 87]
39	Heat treatment: any study that talks in depth about different heat treatment processes and their effects on the properties of the final casting	[10, 23, 24, 33, 55, 57, 66, 67, 82]
40	Cooling rates: any study that has performed extensive examination into the cooling rate observed during the casting procedure and its impact on the casting properties	[1, 15, 16, 35, 42, 54, 66, 79, 80, 84, 85]
41	Withdrawal rates: any study that has performed extensive examination into the withdrawal rate used during the casting procedure and its impact on the casting properties	[8, 18, 26, 32, 35, 49, 50]
42	Coated alloys: any study that deals with alloys that have been given thermal barrier coatings	[12, 13, 22, 74, 81]