Effect of Hemp Fibre Surface Treatment on the Fibre-Matrix Interface and the Influence of Cellulose, Hemicellulose, and Lignin Contents on Composite Strength Properties

Table 1

Compressive properties of composites with different fibre treatments.

Fibre treatments

Alkalisation

Alkalisation + acetylation

Alkalisation + silanisation

Strength (MPa)

Stages of modulus (GPa)

Strain at break (%)

Strength (MPa)

Stages of modulus (GPa)

Strain at break (%)

Strength (MPa)

Stages of modulus (GPa)

Strain at break (%)

% NaOH

α

α1

α2

α3

α

α1

α2

α3

α

α1

α2

α3

0

69.11 ± 3.60

3.19 ± 1.10

1.87 ± 0.53

1.11 ± 0.15

0.76 ± 0.21

5.70 ± 1.70

85.20 ± 3.86

3.09 ± 0.35

2.07 ± 0.55

1.20 ± 0.28

0.84 ± 0.06

5.10 ± 1.50

56.96 ± 5.06

4.00 ± 0.02

2.07 ± 0.11

1.14 ± 0.02

0.66 ± 0.08

4.80 ± 1.10

4

72.60 ± 9.49

3.19 ± 0.14

1.76 ± 0.06

1.08 ± 0.28

0.65 ± 0.08

6.00 ± 2.20

79.38 ± 4.54

4.02 ± 0.43

2.23 ± 0.27

1.70 ± 0.18

0.81 ± 0.01

6.30 ± 0.70

76.34 ± 3.09

3.90 ± 0.94

2.06 ± 0.45

1.07 ± 0.11

0.65 ± 0.02

6.20 ± 1.90

6

74.70 ± 8.10

3.20 ± 0.09

2.00 ± 0.13

1.18 ± 0.07

0.63 ± 0.19

4.40 ± 0.60

90.53 ± 8.78

4.72 ± 0.34

2.79 ± 0.09

1.55 ± 0.10

0.87 ± 0.18

6.70 ± 1.80

68.24 ± 6.40

3.98 ± 0.16

2.13 ± 0.04

1.18 ± 0.07

0.69 ± 0.02

5.20 ± 1.60

8

75.14 ± 1.60

2.97 ± 0.32

1.59 ± 0.01

1.05 ± 0.07

0.63 ± 0.01

5.50 ± 0.90

85.61 ± 4.55

4.66 ± 0.36

2.48 ± 0.28

1.41 ± 0.21

0.71 ± 0.05

7.00 ± 1.00

68.42 ± 1.95

4.04 ± 0.49

2.20 ± 0.30

1.18 ± 0.18

0.56 ± 0.11

4.80 ± 0.80

10

74.63 ± 4.86

3.24 ± 0.18

1.88 ± 0.02

1.05 ± 0.08

0.62 ± 0.02

6.20 ± 0.70

84.85 ± 6.06

3.96 ± 0.44

1.91 ± 0.34

1.10 ± 0.33

0.62 ± 0.09

7.50 ± 0.50

72.57 ± 1.702

4.48 ± 0.27

2.22 ± 0.16

1.11 ± 0.05

0.60 ± 0.05

6.10 ± 1.10