Model Test and Back Analysis of Shield Tunnel Load Distribution in Soft Clay

Table 2

Prototype and model materials.

Prototype material	Model material
Soft clay	Kaolin: bentonite: loess: sand = 4 : 2: 3 : 1
Tunnel lining	Water: gypsum = 0.7 : 1, borax accounts for 1.5% of water
Main reinforcement	n = 20, d = 0.6 mm, and pitch = 10 mm