Review Article
A Contemporary Review on Friction Stir Welding of Circular Pipe Joints and the Influence of Fixtures on This Process
Table 2
Consolidation of notable research works pertaining to the FSW of pipes.
| Author | Pipe material | Pipe outside diameter (mm) | Pipe thickness (mm) | Type of pipe fixture | Mandrel type | Parameters studied | Properties studied |
| Lammlein et al. [100] | AA 6061-T6 | 106.88 | 5 | Job rotating | Wedge | (i) Weld speed | (i) Tensile strength | Ismail et al. [101] | AA 6063 | 89 | 5 | Job rotating | Fixed | (i) Tool rotational speed | (i) Tensile strength | (ii) Weld speed | Ismail et al. [102] | AA 6063 | 89 | 5 | Job rotating | Fixed | (i) Tool rotational speed | (i) Hardness | (ii) Weld speed | Ismail et al. [103] | AA 6063-T6 | 100 | 5 | Job rotating | Fixed | (i) Weld speed | (i) Tensile strength | (ii) Travel speed | Doos and Bashar [105] | AA 6061-T6 | — | — | Job rotating | Fixed | (i) Tool rotational speed | (i) Tensile strength | (ii) Weld speed | (ii) Hardness | Senthil and Parameshwaran [106] | AA 6063 | 50 | 3 | Job rotating | Fixed | (i) Tool pin profile | (i) Tensile strength | (ii) Tool rotational speed | Chen et al. [114] | Cu–AA 3003 | 19 | 1–1.5 | Job rotating | Expanding mandrel | Constant | (i) Tensile strength | Khourshid and Sabry [107] | AA 6063 | — | — | Job rotating | Fixed | (i) Tool rotational speed | (i) Tensile strength | Ismail et al. [108] | AA 6063-T6 | 89 | 5 | Job rotating | Fixed | (i) Constant | (i) Temperature during plunge | Maggiolini et al. [109] | AA 6082-T6 | 38 | 3.5 | Job rotating | Wedge | (i) Retractable tool pin | (i) Tension-torsion loading | Giorjão et al. [118] | Super duplex stainless steel | 184.3 | 8 | — | — | (i) Tool rotational speed | (i) Tensile strength | (ii) Weld speed | (ii) Hardness | (iii) Axial load | Mosavvar et al. [119] | High-density polyethylene (HDPE) | 63 | 5.8 | Job rotating | Wedge | (i) Tool rotational speed | (i) Tensile strength | (ii) Weld speed | (iii) Tool offset |
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