A Contemporary Review on Friction Stir Welding of Circular Pipe Joints and the Influence of Fixtures on This Process

Table 3

Notable researches related to fixture effect in various welding processes.

Welding process	Clamping alone	Fixturing effects accounted				References
		Residual stress	Distortion	Cooling rate	Deformation
FSW		✓				[143]
FSW		✓	✓			[144]
FSW		✓				[145]
FSW					✓	[148]
FSW	✓					[47]
FSW		✓				[150]
FSW	✓					[151]
FSW	✓					[105]
GTAW		✓				[153]
Fusion welding		✓	✓			[154]
GMAW			✓	✓		[155]
Laser welding	✓					[157]
Pulsed GMAW, DC GMAW, cold metal transfer, laser hybrid welding	✓	✓			✓	[158]
Fixturing element optimized
Locators	✓		✓			[159]