Lignin as Green Filler in Polymer Composites: Development Methods, Characteristics, and Potential Applications

Figure 11

SEM images of char residue: (a) polypropylene-based 20% PN lignin composites and (b) polypropylene-based 20 PN-lignin-Ni composites (reprinted with permission from reference [229]; Copyright @ 2012 American Chemical Society).

(a)

(b)