A Review on the Effect of Various Chemical Treatments on the Mechanical Properties of Renewable Fiber-Reinforced Composites

Table 2

Effect of silane treatment on various biofibers.

S. no.	Fibers used	Type of chemical treatment	Effects	Ref.
1	Kenaf	Silane treatment	The presence of lignin and hemicellulose was removed by performing silane treatment. Removal of lignin and hemicellulose led to enhanced interfacial bonding.	[71]
2	Pineapple leaf	Silane treatment	The treated fiber has fewer voids on the interface which makes strong interfacial bonding and results in better mechanical properties.	[71]
3	Abaca	Mercerization and silane treatment	The silane-treated fiber has higher thermal transfer coefficient.	[73]
4	Bamboo	Silane treatment	An enhancement in tensile strength by incorporation of 30% treated bamboo, while flexural strength is higher than that of NaOH-treated fiber.	[74]
5	Sisal	Silane treatment	The treatment enhances the mechanical properties and moisture resistance.	[75]
6	Hemp/kenaf	Silane treatment	The treatment possesses higher flexural modulus in comparison with alkali-treated composite and similar to glass fiber composite.	[128]
7	Hemp	Silane treatment	Flexural and tensile strength were increased by 2% and 4%, respectively.	[129]
8	Kenaf	Silane treatment	An enhancement in storage modulus and viscoelasticity by 45% and 25%, respectively.	[130]
9	Oil palm	Silane treatment	Reduced the mechanical properties due to poor adhesion between fiber and matrix.	[131]
10	Henequen	Silane treatment	An enhancement in tensile strength from 21 MPa to 27 MPa by performing combination of silane and NaOH.	[50]
11	Sisal	Silane treatment	The treated fiber had higher impact strength compared to alkali-treated fibers.	[132]
12	Banana	Silane treatment	An increase in flexural strength about 160% and considerable increase in tensile and toughness.	[133]
13	Banana	Silane treatment	An enhancement in impact and tensile strength by 30.84% and 19.43%, respectively, and slight increase in tensile modulus.	[134]
14	Jute	Silane treatment	An increase in strength and modulus about 12% and 7% by alkali treatment followed by silane treatment.	[135]
15	Jute	Silane treatment	At 0.3%, silane-treated composites enhanced the tensile, flexural, and interlaminar shear strength by 40%, 30%, and 55%, respectively.	[113]
16	Pineapple leaf	Silane treatment	Improvement in flexural modulus and storage modulus by 47% as compared to alkali treatment.	[114]
17	Pineapple leaf	Silane treatment	The resulting composite has less Young’s modulus than alkali-treated composites.	[136]
18	Pineapple leaf	Silane treatment	Reduction of hydrophilic tendency of the fibers leads to increase in tensile strength and crystallinity size but % crystallinity decreases.	[72]
19	Hemp	Silane treatment	Found maximum mechanical properties compared to other chemical treatments.	[137–139]