Experimental Study on Temperature Field Evolution Mechanism of Artificially Frozen Gravel Formation under Groundwater Seepage Flow

Figure 2

Schematic of the physical modelling experiment apparatus (unit: mm): (A) water feeding zone filled with pebbles, (B) perforated aluminium plate, (C) water draining zone filled with pebbles, (D) wall of physical modelling box, (E) freezing pipes, (F) brine outlet, (G) brine inlet, (H) thermostatic water tank, (I) power water pump, (J) water flow gauge, (K) water feeding tube, (L) water flow valve, and (M) water draining tube.