An Overview of Current and Prognostic Trends on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Biobased Silica

Table 3

Composition of teff straw, wheat husk and straw, sugarcane bagasse, and leaf ash based on its geographical location.

Chemical components	Composition in percent
	References
	[97]	[98]	[99]	[59]		[100]	[59]	[11]	[12]
	Ethiopia			Bangladesh	Turkey	Pakistan	Bangladesh	Brazil	India
	Teff straw ash			Wheat straw	Wheat husk	Wheat straw	Sugarcane bagasse	Sugarcane bagasse	Sugarcane leaf ash
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)	91.81	92.89	52.23	73	92.30	73.15	72.74	81.60	80.14
Aluminium oxide (Al2O3)	0.42	<0.01	1.55	3.90	—	—	5.26	7.94	0.89
Ferric oxide (Fe2O3)	0.71	0.23	9.74	1.75	0.647	1.67	3.92	2.31	0.51
Calcium oxide (Zhang et al.)	3.43	1.67	17.66	8.12	4.17	5.78	7.99	0.98	6.06
Magnesium oxide (MgO)	0.81	0.82	1.97	2.80	—	1.78	2.78	1.26	5.02
Sodium oxide (Na2O)	0.74	<0.01		—	—	—	0.84	0.26	0.28
Potassium oxide (K2O)	0.29	0.19	3.92	—	2.60	3.87	3.47	2.10	3.09
Manganese oxide (MnO2)	—	<0.01	2.39	—	0.12	—	—	0.06	0.17
Phosphorus oxide (P2O5)	0.95	0.29	3.92	—	—	—	—	1.07	—
Sulphur trioxide (SO3)	0.63	—	4.11	—	—	—	—	0.52	2.25
Titanium oxide (TiO2)	—	<0.01	0.69	—	0.074	0.96	—	0.67	0.046
Chromium oxide (Cr2O3)	—	—	0.82	—	—	—	—	—	0.0067
Coper oxide (CuO)	—	—	—	—	0.052	—	—	—	—
Water (H2O)	—	1.34	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Chlorine (Cl)			0.38			—		0.36	0.69
Other components	0.21	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
Loss on ignition [80]	—	2.45	—	—	0.037	2.38	—	0.79	—