Review Article
An Overview of Current and Prognostic Trends on Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Biobased Silica
Table 4
Composition of corn cob, bamboo leaf, and palm ash by geographical location.
| | Chemical components | Composition in percent | | Reference | | [59] | [14] | [108] | [109] | [13] | [59] | [1] | [110] | | Bangladesh | Nigeria | Indonesia | India | Indonesia | Bangladesh | Malaysia | Malaysia | | Corn cob | Bamboo leaf | Bamboo leaf | Palm ash | Palm ash | Palm ash |
| | Silicon dioxide (SiO2) | 66.38 | 47.78 | 27.80 | 82.86 | 75.90 | 63.6 | 45.50 | 40.60 | | Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) | 7.48 | 9.40 | 5.70 | 1.14 | 4.13 | 1.6 | 5.40 | 3.71 | | Ferric oxide (Fe2O3) | 4.44 | 8.31 | 4.69 | 0.32 | 1.22 | 1.4 | 3.26 | 15.74 | | Calcium oxide (Zhang et al.) | 11.57 | 16.70 | 14.03 | 2.57 | 7.47 | 7.6 | 12.80 | 19.60 | | Magnesium oxide (MgO) | 2.06 | 7.80 | 9.50 | 1.35 | 1.85 | 3.9 | 3.20 | 1.30 | | Sodium oxide (Na2O) | 0.41 | 1.89 | — | 0.18 | 0.21 | 0.1 | — | — | | Potassium oxide (K2O) | 4.92 | 5.42 | 18.49 | 3.27 | 5.62 | 6.9 | 23.30 | 13.80 | | Manganese oxide (Mn2O3) | — | 2.70 | — | — | — | — | — | 0.28 | | Phosphorus oxide (P2O5) | — | — | — | — | — | — | 5.38 | 2.73 | | Sulphur trioxide (SO3) | — | — | — | — | 1.06 | — | — | 0.44 | | Titanium oxide (TiO2) | — | — | — | — | 0.20 | — | — | 0.35 | | Other components | — | — | — | — | — | — | 1.16 | — |
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