Effect of Crumb Rubber on the Moisture and Rutting Behavior of Low-Energy Asphalt and Determining the Best Flow Number Model

Table 5

Characteristics of crumb rubber-modified binder.

Binder property	Standard	Unit	Crumb rubber percentage
			0	10	15	20
Softening point	ASTM-D36	°C	49.2	58.3	61	73.1
Penetration at 25°C	ASTM-D5	0.1 mm	63	47	43	34
Viscosity at 135°C	ASTM-D2170	cST	342	717	824	1218
Specific gravity	ASTM-D70	g/cm^3	1.016	1.037	1.041	1.049