Yalin Lu

Weili Zhang

Min Qiu

Metamaterials, Plasmonics, and THz Frequency Photonic Components

Transmission metallic gratings having the shape of converging-diverging channel (CDC) give an extra degree of freedom to exhibit enhanced transmission resonances. By varying the gap size at the throat of CDC, the spectral locations of the transmission resonance bands can be shifted close to each other and have high transmittance in a very narrow energy band. Hence, the CDC shape metallic gratings can lead to almost perfect transmittance for any desired wavelength by carefully optimizing the metallic material, gap at the throat of CDC, and grating parameters. In addition, a cavity surrounded by the CDC shaped metallic grating and a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) can lead to an enhanced emission with properties similar to a laser. The large coherence length of the emission is achieved by exploiting the coherence properties of the surface waves on the gratings and PhC. The new multilayer structure can attain the spectral and directional control of emission with only 
<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-polarization. The resonance condition inside the cavity is extremely sensitive to the wavelength, which would then lead to high emission in a very narrow wavelength band. Such simple 1D multilayer structure should be easy to fabricate and have applications in photonic circuits, thermophotovoltaics, and potentially in energy efficient incandescent sources.

Arvind Battula

R. J. Knize

Kitt Reinhardt

Shaochen Chen

Extraordinary Transmission and Enhanced Emission with Metallic Gratings Having Converging-Diverging Channels

This paper presents a fully experimental and theoretical study on transmission properties of a deep metallic grating with subwavelength slits in THz frequency region by using THz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS). The grating exposed to <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>-polarized incident wave exhibits enhanced nonresonant transmission in the long-wavelength region where the incident wavelength is larger than the grating period. Wood anomalies are observed when the wavelength is comparable to the grating period. Strict theory is given to explain the experimental results and the two are in good agreement. It is proposed that the Wood dips may be considered a criterion and a tool to judge and control the uniformity or fabricating accuracy of the grating period.

Dong Liang

Qirong Xing

Zhen Tian

Changlei Wang

Jianqiang Gu

Yanfeng Li

Lu Chai

Qingyue Wang

Aleksei Zheltikov

Transmission Properties of Metallic Grating with Subwavelength Slits in THz Frequency Region

A new structural engineering strategy is introduced for optimizing the fabrication of arrayed nanorod materials, optimizing superlattice structures for realizing a strong coupling, and directly developing nanophotonic devices. The strategy can be regarded as &#x201C;combinatorial&#x201D; because of the high efficiency in optimizing structures. In this article, this strategy was applied to grow ZnO nanorod arrays, and to develop a new multifunctional photodetector using such nanorod arrays, which is able to simultaneously detect power, energy, and polarization of an incident ultraviolet radiation. The strategy was also used to study the extraordinary dielectric behavior of relaxor ferroelectric lead titanate doped lead magnesium niobate heterophase superlattices in the terahertz frequencies, in order to investigate their dielectric polariton physics and the potential to be integrated with tunable surface resonant plasmonics devices.

The Structural Engineering Strategy for Photonic Material Research and Device Development

We present a review of experimental studies of resonant excitation of terahertz surface plasmons in two-dimensional arrays of subwavelength metal holes. Resonant transmission efficiency higher than unity was recently achieved when normalized to the area occupied by the holes. The effects of hole shape, hole dimensions, dielectric function of metals, polarization dependence, and array film thickness on resonant terahertz transmission in metal arrays were investigated by the state-of-the-art terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. In particular, extraordinary terahertz transmission was demonstrated in arrays of subwavelength holes made even from Pb, a generally poor metal, and having thickness of only one-third of skin depth. Terahertz surface plasmons have potential applications in terahertz imaging, biosensing, interconnects, and development of integrated plasmonic components for terahertz generation and detection.

Abul K. Azad

Jiaguang Han

Resonant Excitation of Terahertz Surface Plasmons in Subwavelength Metal Holes

The coupling of light to collective oscillation of electrons on the metal surface allows the creation of surface
plasmon-polariton wave. This surface wave is of central interest in the field of plasmonics. In this paper, we will present
a brief review of this field, focusing on the plasmonic waveguide and plasmonic transmission. In the plasmonic waveguide,
the light can be guided along the metal surface with subwavelength lateral dimensions, enabling the possibility of
high-density integration of the optical elements. On the other hand, in the plasmonic transmission, the propagation of
light through a metal surface can be tailored with the subwavelength holes, leading to the anomalous transmission
behaviors which have received extensive investigations in recent years. In addition, as a supplement to plasmonics in
the visible and near-infrared region, the study of THz plasmonics has also been discussed.

Cheng-Ping Huang

Yong-Yuan Zhu

Plasmonics: Manipulating Light at the Subwavelength Scale

The properties of planar, single-layer metamaterials, or metafilms, are studied by varying the structural components of the split-ring resonators used to comprise the overall medium. Measurements and simulations reveal how minor design variations in split-ring resonator structures can result in significant changes in the macroscopic properties of the metafilm. A transmission-line/circuit model is also used to clarify some of the behavior and design limitations of the metafilms. Though our results are illustrated in the terahertz frequency range, the work has broader implications, particularly with respect to filtering, modulation, and switching devices.

John F. O&#x27;Hara

Evgenya Smirnova

Hou-Tong Chen

Antoinette J. Taylor

Effects of Microstructure Variations on Macroscopic Terahertz Metafilm Properties

Counter-directional coupling between subwavelength-diameter silica wire and single-line-defect two-dimensional photonic crystal slab waveguide is studied numerically using parallel three-dimensional finite-different time-domain method. By modifying silica wire properties or engineering photonic crystal waveguide dispersion band, the coupling central wavelength can be moved to the slow light region and the coupling efficiency improves simultaneously. One design gives 82&#x25; peak power transmission from silica wire to photonic crystal waveguide over an interacting distance of 50 lattice constants. The group velocity is estimated as 1/35 of light speed in vacuum.

Ziyang Zhang

Ulf Andersson

Subwavelength-Diameter Silica Wire and Photonic Crystal Waveguide Slow Light Coupling

Surface-plasmon-polariton (SPP) waveguides made of materials available
in nature have, in general, been found to suffer from very high absorption
loss when light confinement is beyond diffraction limit. In this
paper, the possibility of combining both the conventional
index-guiding and the SPP-guiding mechanisms together into one single
waveguide is being explored. Such waveguides, expectedly, inherent the low-loss feature
of all-dielectric waveguides as well as the superior mode field
confinement possessed by SPP waveguides. By using experimentally ready
materials, it is theoretically shown that compact metallodielectric
waveguides can be designed with a <mml:math id="E1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>&#x223C;</mml:mo><mml:mn>500</mml:mn><mml:mo>&#x00D7;</mml:mo><mml:mn>500</mml:mn><mml:mtext>&#x2009;</mml:mtext><mml:msup><mml:mtext>nm</mml:mtext><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> core size around the 1550&#x2009;nm telecommunication wavelength. The examined
waveguides can be interpreted as a gap SPP waveguide with an inner
dielectric core. Compared to pure SPP waveguides, such hybrid
waveguides have a comparable mode field size, but with significantly
lower loss (<mml:math id="E2" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mo>&#x223C;</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn><mml:mtext>&#x2009;</mml:mtext><mml:mtext>dB</mml:mtext><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>&#x03BC;</mml:mi><mml:mtext>m</mml:mtext></mml:math> for either quasi-TE or quasi-TM operation). Therefore they can be potentially deployed for a range of
integrated photonic applications.

Min Yan

Compact Optical Waveguides Based on Hybrid Index and Surface-Plasmon-Polariton Guidance Mechanisms

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Meta Materials, Plasmonics, and THz Frequency Photonic Components

Meta Materials, Plasmonics, and THz Frequency Photonic Components

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