Fasciola, Fascioloides, and Dicrocoelium cause liver fluke diseases in ruminants and are of zoonotic and economic importance. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of liver fluke egg infection in White Fulani Cattle slaughtered in Wukari Cattle market abattoir in Wukari, Taraba State. A total of 262 gallbladders were collected and their contents were analyzed for the presence of eggs of liver flukes using sedimentation technique. Descriptive analysis was done using SPSS version 20 for window and Pearson&#x2019;s Chi-Square (&#x3c7;2) was used to evaluate the association between variables. Fasciola and Dicrocoelium eggs were encountered. Only 74 (28.2&#x25;) samples were positive for Fasciola egg and 211 (80.5&#x25;) for Dicrocoelium. The prevalence of liver fluke infection revealed 25&#x25; and 28.6&#x25; Fasciola eggs for male and female animals, respectively, while lancet fluke had 83.3&#x25; for male and 80.3&#x25; for female. Fasciola eggs were recovered in 20.8&#x25; of animals aged less 3 years (&#x3c;3yrs) and 29.9&#x25; was recorded in animals 3 years and above (&#x2265; 3yrs) while 81.3&#x25; for animals &#x2265; 3yrs and 77.1&#x25; for animals &#x3c;3yrs were recorded for Dicrocoelium eggs. The body condition score-based prevalence for Fasciola yielded 38.1&#x25;, 26.8&#x25;, and 14&#x25; for poor, average, and good, respectively, while Dicrocoelium yielded 85.7&#x25;, 79.3&#x25;, and 85.7&#x25;. There was a significant difference between the body condition scores for fasciolosis. Only 59&#x25; harboured single infection with eggs of Dicrocoelium (P&#x3c; 0.05) while 6.9&#x25; harboured Fasciola eggs. Mixed infection associating Fasciola and Dicrocoelium was observed in 21.4&#x25; of the sample cattle. Liver fluke infections: fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis occur among White Fulani cattle in Wukari and these infections are associated with the body condition score of the animals. This greatly affects the cattle production. There is a need to institute adequate control programmes complemented with good well-planned management practices in any production system involving cattle in Wukari.

P. A. Shinggu

O. T. Olufemi

J. A. Nwuku

E. B. T. Baba-Onoja

P. D. Iyawa

Liver Flukes Egg Infection and Associated Risk Factors in White Fulani Cattle Slaughtered in Wukari, Southern Taraba State, Nigeria

Introduction. Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the commonest occupational risks in healthcare workers. However; there is limited evidence regarding the prevalence of hepatitis in health professionals in Ethiopia. Objective. This study was aimed at assessing the prevalence of hepatitis B and associated factors in health professionals. Methods. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted among health professionals at University of Gondar Hospital from January to February, 2015. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic variables and blood sample was also taken to determine hepatitis B virus sero-status. Chi square test with 95&#x25; confidence interval (CI) was computed to assess the associations of different factors with hepatitis B infection. Result. A total of 332 health professionals (with a response rate of 92.2&#x25;) participated in the study. Most (98.5&#x25;) of health professionals were not vaccinated for hepatitis B. The prevalence of hepatitis B in health professionals at UOG hospital was found to be 4.52&#x25; (95&#x25; CI: 2.4, 6.5). Hepatitis B infection was more common among males (P value =0.0299).&#x2009; Conclusion. The prevalence of hepatitis B in health professionals in this study was comparable with other studies done in Ethiopia among health professionals. Males were more affected than females for hepatitis B infection. Hepatitis B virus vaccine, treatment for the infected, and training on infection prevention should be more available for healthcare workers.

Aynishet Adane Gebremariam

Adino Tesfahun Tsegaye

Yalelet Fentaw Shiferaw

Mebratu Mitiku Reta

Alem Getaneh

Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Factors among Health Professionals in University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

Obese African-American (AA) women are at high risk of hypertension (HT) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and arterial augmentation index (AI) are measures of endothelial function and arterial stiffness. Whether endothelial function and arterial stiffness predict risk of HT or CVD in obese African-American women with, versus without, parental histories of HT and whether aerobic exercise is an effective countermeasure remain unclear. The capacity for FMD is partly heritable. Therefore, we tested the hypotheses that less FMD and greater AI may be found in normotensive-obese, young-adult (18-26 year-old) AA women with hypertensive parents (n=10) than in a matched control group with normotensive parents (n=10) and that a single bout of aerobic exercise improves both endothelial function and arterial stiffness, with less improvement in the women with hypertensive parents. We studied each subject while at rest, 20&#x2009;min before and 20&#x2009;min after, 30&#x2009;min of aerobic exercise. The exercise-induced changes and parental hypertension-related differences in AI were not significant. The exercise increased FMD in both of the groups with no significant difference in magnitude between the women with hypertensive and normotensive parents. FMD was significantly less in the women with hypertensive parents than in the women with normotensive parents after, but not before, the exercise (mean &#xb1;95&#x25; confidence interval of 11.3 &#xb1; 4.9&#x25; vs. 15.6 &#xb1; 4.9&#x25;, P=0.05). These findings suggest that a 30-min bout of aerobic exercise may improve FMD and unmask endothelial dysfunction in normotensive-obese, young-adult AA women with parental histories of HT. Future studies should determine whether regular aerobic exercise protects obese AA women from the endothelial dysfunction associated with diabetes and prevents CVD in this high-risk population.

Vernon Bond

Karissa Becknel

Krishna Kumar

James Dorsey

Vasavi R. Gorantla

Yulia A. Volkova

Richard M. Millis

Association of Endothelial Function with Parental Hypertension in Normotensive-Obese African-American Women: A Pilot Study

Intensive therapeutic lifestyle modification programs, such as the Complete Health Improvement Program (CHIP), reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. However, there are little data on how participation in CHIP with a household member can affect CVD biomarkers. This study focuses on the benefit of joint participation of household members in CHIP in order to have a better outcome in improving CVD risk factors compared with lone or individual participation. Data from 20 CHIP classes offered from 2011 to 2015 in Athens, Ohio, where each class was conducted over 2-4 months, consisting of 16-18 sessions, were collected. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting glucose, and lipid profiles were measured before and near the completion of each class. A statistically significant greater reduction in BMI (p = 0.003) in those who attended with a household member compared to those who attended as individuals was found. CHIP has some effect on various CVD risk factors for those who attend intensive therapeutic lifestyle modification programs with an accompanying household member. Hence, encouragement of participation with a family member or a &#x201c;buddy&#x201d; may be prudent, especially if weight reduction is a key program participation goal. Further evaluation of the &#x201c;buddy effect&#x201d; involving both of those residing in the same household and those who do not but nevertheless provide mutual support is warranted.

Dhatri Kotekal

Melanie Worley

Hemal Patel

Laura Jensen

Godwin Y. Dogbey

David Drozek

Effect of Participation with Accompanying Household Member in the Complete Health Improvement Program in Appalachia

Telemedicine is now in vogue, allowing through computer and communication tools to be deployed in the field of health, such as cardiology, area in which it has shown interest, in international studies. As the population ages, older people are increasingly concerned with this innovative practice. We take a look at telemedicine projects in France concerning the elderly, in the field of cardiology.

A. A. Zulfiqar

A. Hajjam

B. G&#xe9;ny

S. Talha

M. Hajjam

J. Hajjam

S. Erv&#xe9;

E. Andr&#xe8;s

Telemedicine and Cardiology in the Elderly in France: Inventory of Experiments

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Advances in Preventive Medicine publishes original research articles and&nbsp;review articles in all areas of preventive medicine.

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Advances in Preventive Medicine publishes original research articles and review articles in all areas of preventive medicine.

Advances in Preventive Medicine