Jet-Impingement Effects of Alumina-Nanofluid on Aluminum and Copper

Figure 3

Normalized Ra roughness for 3003-T3 aluminum before and after 3-, 7-, 14-, 28-, 56-, and 112-hour treatments with the reference fluid of 50/50% Ethylene glycol in water and with nanofluid of 2% nanoalumina in reference fluid.