A Rational Theory of Tire-Pavement Friction

<div>Transportation Research Board [<a href="/journals/at/2016/4858317/#B5">4</a>] Figure A-41 data replotted in accordance with the tire-loading-based approach to sliding-tire-friction-force calculations showing generation of a 150 lbf microhysteretic friction force (<svg height="11.9316pt" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-3.2957pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 17.7581 11.9316" width="17.7581pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M584 650H137L131 622C214 614 217 612 200 521L125 127C109 41 101 35 23 28L17 0H288L294 28C201 35 193 42 209 128L242 309H348C440 309 442 300 443 226H471L510 422H482C452 354 449 348 357 348H251L295 575C302 609 304 615 338 615H426C502 615 517 604 526 581C534 560 536 524 537 492L565 494C574 554 583 631 584 650Z" id="g113-71"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="607" vert-adv-y="607"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.786,3.132)"><path d="M738 650H471V617C551 612 559 606 559 524V368H218V524C218 606 227 612 305 617V650H38V617C123 612 131 606 131 524V126C131 44 124 38 41 33V0H310V33C226 38 218 44 218 126V321H559V126C559 44 551 38 463 33V0H737V33C654 38 646 44 646 126V524C646 606 654 612 738 617V650Z" id="g58-70"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="777" vert-adv-y="777"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,13.674,3.132)"><path d="M327 325C324 350 312 408 304 433C283 442 256 451 213 451C120 451 59 391 59 320C59 243 125 210 188 181C237 158 266 136 266 93C266 52 231 24 195 24C134 24 93 81 74 148L42 143C42 106 51 37 59 23C78 8 125 -12 177 -12C257 -12 345 35 345 127C345 198 292 234 216 264C171 283 131 305 131 348C131 387 156 416 195 416C243 416 277 378 297 317L327 325Z" id="g58-113"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="376" vert-adv-y="376"></glyph.data></g></svg>) and the direct effect of increasing <svg height="11.8174pt" id="M17" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.1454 11.8174" width="13.1454pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M584 650H137L131 622C214 614 217 612 200 521L125 127C109 41 101 35 23 28L17 0H288L294 28C201 35 193 42 209 128L242 309H348C440 309 442 300 443 226H471L510 422H482C452 354 449 348 357 348H251L295 575C302 609 304 615 338 615H426C502 615 517 604 526 581C534 560 536 524 537 492L565 494C574 554 583 631 584 650Z" id="g113-71"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="607" vert-adv-y="607"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.786,3.132)"><path d="M601 496C596 555 591 627 591 675H567C551 656 544 650 516 650H120C91 650 79 651 64 675H41C38 619 34 555 29 492H63C75 537 83 566 96 582C110 604 128 612 207 612H272V126C272 46 264 38 170 33V0H464V33C368 38 359 48 359 126V612H430C502 612 520 605 535 582C547 566 556 541 567 492L601 496Z" id="g58-82"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="628" vert-adv-y="628"></glyph.data></g></svg> with increasing <svg height="11.8631pt" id="M18" style="vertical-align:-3.227201pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.2963 11.8631" width="14.2963pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M584 650H137L131 622C214 614 217 612 200 521L125 127C109 41 101 35 23 28L17 0H288L294 28C201 35 193 42 209 128L242 309H348C440 309 442 300 443 226H471L510 422H482C452 354 449 348 357 348H251L295 575C302 609 304 615 338 615H426C502 615 517 604 526 581C534 560 536 524 537 492L565 494C574 554 583 631 584 650Z" id="g113-71"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="607" vert-adv-y="607"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.786,3.132)"><path d="M731 650H485V618C556 614 580 601 585 558C588 530 592 485 592 390V153H589L173 650H22V618C69 614 92 606 112 582C131 558 132 555 132 483V266C132 175 129 128 125 96C120 49 95 36 36 33V0H281V33C212 36 188 50 183 98C180 129 177 175 177 266V510H179L603 -9H638V390C638 483 640 530 644 561C649 602 674 615 731 618V650Z" id="g58-76"></path><glyph.data ascent="1007" descent="-369" horiz-adv-x="754" vert-adv-y="754"></glyph.data></g></svg>.</div>

Advances in Tribology

A Rational Theory of Tire-Pavement Friction

Figure 1