A Factorial Design to Numerically Study the Effects of Brake Pad Properties on Friction and Wear Emissions

<table class="table-group" id="tab5"><tr><td><table class="table"><tr><td class="thead-hr" colspan="2"><hr/></td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Angular step, <svg height="8.68572pt" id="M31" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 8.46388 8.68572" width="8.46388pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M600 0V24L339 665L311 657L43 24V0H600ZM497 50H107L303 539L497 50Z" id="g113-133"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="641" vert-adv-y="641"></glyph.data></g></svg><i><i>θ</i></i></td><td class="align_center">0.044°</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Radial step, <svg height="8.8423pt" id="M32" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 13.9704 8.8423" width="13.9704pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M600 0V24L339 665L311 657L43 24V0H600ZM497 50H107L303 539L497 50Z" id="g113-133"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="641" vert-adv-y="641"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.327,0)"><path d="M393 379C402 394 400 411 393 422C384 437 365 448 348 448C301 448 237 372 186 285H182L193 335C210 408 205 448 178 448C150 448 80 402 29 344L45 321C80 355 114 373 122 373C128 373 130 365 124 330C106 228 76 98 50 -5L57 -12C82 -5 112 3 132 6L172 203C196 256 234 304 254 329C275 355 293 367 306 367C318 367 330 360 342 348C347 343 355 343 365 350S386 367 393 379Z" id="g113-115"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="422" vert-adv-y="422"></glyph.data></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">100 <i>μ</i>m</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Angular points, <svg height="11.927pt" id="M33" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 15.3194 11.927" width="15.3194pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" id="g113-79"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="839" vert-adv-y="839"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.062,3.132)"><path d="M482 498C482 606 448 710 328 710C138 710 24 416 24 218C24 99 58 -12 184 -12C373 -12 482 294 482 498ZM395 521C395 483 391 449 383 395H128C158 537 226 671 312 671C388 671 395 566 395 521ZM375 342C348 190 284 25 192 25C128 25 109 116 109 199C109 243 112 292 121 342H375Z" id="g50-230"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="506" vert-adv-y="506"></glyph.data></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">1000</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Radial points, <svg height="11.927pt" id="M34" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.5978 11.927" width="14.5978pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" id="g113-79"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="839" vert-adv-y="839"></glyph.data></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.062,3.132)"><path d="M397 380C406 395 404 411 396 425S369 451 350 451C302 451 239 372 192 294H189L199 338C214 407 207 451 180 451C152 451 83 405 30 345L48 318C87 354 117 372 125 372S135 362 127 324L55 -5L61 -12C87 -5 117 3 139 5C154 87 168 162 179 207C198 250 240 310 260 332C281 355 297 366 307 366C321 366 333 360 347 346C351 342 360 342 369 348C379 355 389 366 397 380Z" id="g50-115"></path><glyph.data ascent="3443" descent="-2856" horiz-adv-x="427" vert-adv-y="427"></glyph.data></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">201</td></tr><tr><td class="align_left">Subdomains, <svg height="8.8423pt" id="M35" style="vertical-align:-0.2064009pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 11.0475 8.8423" width="11.0475pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M822 650H589L583 622C660 617 677 607 674 561C672 534 664 481 647 390L600 137H596L273 650H126L120 622C176 620 194 615 207 594C221 571 225 557 214 504L161 257C141 166 129 112 121 85C108 42 83 30 29 28L23 0H260L266 28C193 33 173 42 176 89C178 122 186 172 202 255L256 527H259L583 -8H612L690 390C708 481 720 535 728 558C744 603 756 619 816 622L822 650Z" id="g113-79"></path><glyph.data ascent="3473" descent="-2876" horiz-adv-x="839" vert-adv-y="839"></glyph.data></g></svg></td><td class="align_center">10</td></tr><tr class="table-tr"><td colspan="2"><hr class="tbody-hr"/></td></tr></table></td></tr></table>

Discretization parameters used in the simulation.

Advances in Tribology

tab5

Table 5

Table 5: A Factorial Design to Numerically Study the Effects of Brake Pad Properties on Friction and Wear Emissions 