Computer Simulation/Prediction of Wear in Mechanical Components

Table 3

References for the various wear simulation and prediction procedures (wear models, contact analyses, and geometry update).

Applications	Reference	Wear model			Contact analysis				Geometry update	Comment
		Archard	Partial-EHL contacts wear model	Other	FEM	EFM	BEM	Other
Cam-follower	[8]	x						x	x	Contact forces are determined analytically and the contact location is determined numerically using an iterative search.
	[9]	x						x	x	Contact pressure is determined numerically by discretizing the surface and determining the pressure in the individual surface.
	[10]	x				x			x	Pressure contact analysis base on infinite half plane assumption. Wear conducted in for three cases: 1) wear on cam alone, 2) wear on follower alone and 3) wear on both cam and follower
	[103]	x						x	x	Finite element analysis (FEA) conducted to determine contact pressure, whereas the sliding distances are determined analytically based on Hertz theory.
Gear wear	[12]		x					x		Spur gear
	[13]	x				x			x
	[14]	x				x			x
	[17]	x						x	x
	[104]	x			x			x	x
	[105]	x						x	x
	[106]	x			x				x	Implicit treatment of wear by substituting Archard’s wear law into the contact law (Signoroni’s contact law) wherein wear is built into any particular load step being considered
	[15]	x				x			x	Helical gear
	[16]	x						x	x
	[18]	x				x			x
	[19]	x						x	x
	[25]	x			x				x
	[20]	x						x	x
	[107]	x			x						Spur and helical gears.
	[108]	x						x	x	Hypoid gears.
	Bearings wear	[33]	x						x	x
Cylinder/piston/piston ring wear	[60]	x	x					x	x	Two wear models are used to cover the different load-bearing conditions (presence of lubrication).
	[109]	x						x		Analytical method employed to estimate bore wear pattern for a piston engine. Hydrodynamic lubrication theory between the piston ring and the cylinder is considered.
	[110]	x						x		Simulation results from the first part of this study [109] are compared with the actual worn cylinder bores.
	[111]	x
Other components and general geometries	[97]	x				x			x	Cylinder on flat and sphere on flat configuration are considered for wear prediction.
	[98]	x			x			x	x	The geometry considered is of conical spinning contact.
	[99]	x			x				x	Several geometries are considered including (1) sphere on plane contact, (2) cone on cone conforming contact, (3) cone on cone nonconforming contact, and (4) cone on torus contact. The pin-on-disk tribology experiment was also simulated.
	[100]	x			x				x	Wear simulation implemented using parallel computation to speed up the analysis.
	[101]	x			x				x	Wear analysis of a revolute joint (of a slider crank mechanism) conducted within a multibody dynamics frame work coupling wear and system dynamics.
	[93]	x					x		x	A wear simulation procedure–based BEM is used to predict wear on pin-on-disk configuration. Wear is considered for the case when (1) only pin is wearing and (2) when both the pin and the disk are modeled to wear.
	[102]	x			x	x			x	Comparison between the FEM and EFM procedure in wear analysis of a revolute joint of a planar mechanism.
	[112]	x			x					A time-varying wear coefficient to represent three lubrication conditions including dry contact, boundary lubrication, and full-film lubrication.
	[113]	x			x				x	Wear analysis on metallic bodies in oscillatory contacts.
	[114]	x						x	x	A closed form expression for wear on a simple scotch yoke mechanism is derived.
	[115]	x			x				x	Wear simulation is conducted on a cylindrical steel roller that is configured to oscillate against a steel plate.
	[116]	x			x	x			x	Wear or planar multibody systems.
	[117]	x					x		x	3D wear analysis in rolling contact problems.
	[118]	x					x		x	3D fretting wear analysis.
	[119]	x					x		x	A wear test procedure (ring-on-disc wear configuration) is simulated using a BEM formulation.
	[112]	x			x				x	Time-varying wear coefficient to cater for effects on lubrication. Remeshing at contact element and the proximity of elements.
	[120]	x						x	x	Ball on disk tribometer experiment is simulated and compared to actual experiments.
	[121]	x					x		x	Geometry update based on moving the nodal wear. Wear analysis on 2D cylinder on flat and 3D spherical contact.
	[122]	x			x				x	Wear analysis on radial sliding laminated polymeric composite bearings contacting with rotary shaft.
	[123]	x			x				x	Wear analysis of (thermal and mechanical) spherical plain bearing. Remesh model after every cycle to reflect wear.
	[124]	x			x				x	Wear estimates on a slider crank mechanism.
	[125]	x			x				x	Remesh model after every cycle to reflect wear.
	[126]	x			x				x	Remesh model after wear cycle to reflect wear.
	[127]	x			x				x	Geometry update involves repositioning of node and remeshing.
	[128]	x			x				x	FEM-based procedure for fretting wear analysis of aero-engine spline coupling.
	[129]			x	x				x	Wear model is a modification of Rhee’s wear formula.
	[130]	x						x	x	Contact analysis involved geometry discretization and contact properties estimated for the discretized sections.