Cholesteryl Pullulan Encapsulated TNF-α Nanoparticles Are an Effective Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvant against Influenza Virus

Figure 7

Gene expression in NALT after TNF/CHP nanoparticles administration. mRNA was prepared from NALT cells 2, 6, and 26 h after administration of TNF/CHP nanoparticles and IVV. Gene expression related to innate and adaptive immune responses (Table 1) was analyzed by quantitative PCR, normalized to GAPDH expression. Data are shown as relative level versus control (means of quadruple experiments). Red column, 2 h; orange column, 6 h; and yellow column, 26 h of treatment. ; ; versus control.